Preheat oven to 425°F (220°C). Grease a deep 13 x 9-inch baking dish with cooking spray.
In the prepared baking dish, stir together uncooked pasta, ham, asparagus, mushrooms, and garlic.
In a separate bowl, whisk together the Alfredo sauce and chicken broth. Pour the sauce mixture over the pasta and other dry ingredients in the baking dish. Cover tightly with aluminum foil and bake for 30 minutes.
Uncover; give the pasta a good stir. At this point you should check the pasta to make sure that it is al dente (firm but with a tender bite) and the vegetables are crisp-tender. I have had good luck with the 30-minute cook time; however, some folks might need 10 or 15 minutes longer. If the pasta is still too hard after 30 minutes, just cover the dish and return it to the oven until the pasta is al dente and the veggies are tender. Then move on to the next step.
Sprinkle mozzarella over the top. Bake uncovered for 8-10 more minutes (or until cheese is melted and pasta is tender).
Garnish with freshly grated Parmesan or fresh chopped herbs, if desired.