Preheat the oven to 425°F. Spray an 8-inch square baking dish with cooking spray and set aside. In a large bowl, whisk together the condensed soup, milk, chicken broth, salt, pepper, and garlic powder. Stir in the onion, mushrooms, bell pepper, celery, raw chicken, uncooked pasta, and ½ cup cheese.
Transfer the mixture to the prepared baking dish. Cover tightly with foil and bake for 45 minutes.
Remove the foil and give everything a stir in the dish. At this point, check to make sure that the pasta is al dente (tender, but with a firm bite). If it’s still too hard, cover again and return the dish to the oven until the pasta is al dente. Once the pasta is al dente, sprinkle the remaining ½ cup of cheese over top.
Return the dish to the oven and bake, uncovered, for 5-10 more minutes, or until the pasta is tender, the chicken is cooked through, and the cheese melts.