Heat the olive oil in a medium pot or Dutch oven over medium heat. Add the garlic and cook, stirring constantly, until the garlic is golden, about 1-2 minutes.
Add the tomato paste and cook, stirring, for 1 more minute (be careful, as it might splatter).
Add the water, pasta, salt, and sugar. Bring to a boil, then reduce the heat to a simmer.
Cook, stirring frequently so that the pasta doesn’t stick to the bottom of the pot, until the pasta is tender and much of the liquid is absorbed, about 10-15 minutes. Taste and season with additional salt or sugar.
Serve in individual bowls and garnish with crushed red pepper flakes, grated Parmesan cheese, or fresh herbs.