Allow chicken to sit on the counter for about 30 minutes to come to room temperature. Preheat oven to 425°F. Lightly coat the bottom of a Dutch oven with vegetable oil.
Pat chicken dry with paper towels. Season the inside cavity of the chicken liberally with salt and pepper. Stuff cavity with onion, celery, thyme sprigs, rosemary sprigs, and garlic cloves. It’s okay if you can’t fit everything in there – just stuff as much in as you can! Tie the legs together with kitchen twine and tuck the wings underneath the bird. Place the chicken (breast-side up) in the Dutch oven.
Drizzle or brush the melted butter over the outside of the chicken. Season liberally all over with salt and pepper.
Roast the chicken uncovered at 425°F for 1 ½ hours, or until the juices run clear when you cut between a leg and thigh and the temperature on a meat thermometer inserted into the thickest part of the thigh reaches 170-175°F. Check the chicken after the first hour, and if the skin starts to get too dark, cover the pot with the lid for the remainder of the roasting time. Remove chicken from the pot and allow to rest for 10-15 minutes before carving.
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Notes
Bring the chicken to room temperature for about 30 minutes before roasting in order to ensure even cooking.
For the crispiest skin, make sure that your chicken is very dry before roasting.
Cooking time will vary depending on the total weight of your chicken. Always use a meat thermometer to test the internal temperature of the meat to know when it's done.
Truss the chicken. This only takes a minute or two, but tying together the chicken legs with twine and tucking the wings underneath helps the chicken cook evenly.
Season liberally. Don't be shy with the salt and pepper. This is a big piece of meat, so you want to add plenty of flavor by using enough seasoning both inside and outside the bird.
For the juiciest meat, allow the chicken to rest for at least 10-15 minutes before carving.
Don't omit the butter. The butter on the outside helps to make sure that the exterior is perfectly crispy and golden brown, and it also adds great flavor.
Use additional fresh herbs as a garnish (shown here) just before serving.